Leonora Carrington: Surrealism, Alchemy and Art
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- Author：Susan L. Aberth
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Summary
This book remains the definitive survey of the life and work of Surrealist artist Leonora Carrington （1917-2011）。
Carrington burst onto the Surrealist scene in 1936， when， as a precocious nineteen-year-old debutante， she escaped the stultifying demands of her wealthy English family by running away to Paris with her lover Max Ernst。 She was immediately championed by Andre Breton， who responded enthusiastically to her fantastical， dark and satirical writing style and her interest in fairy tales and the occult。 Her stories were included in Surrealist publications， and her paintings in the Surrealists' exhibitions。
After the dramas and tragic separations of the Second World War， Carrington ended up in the 1940s as part of the circle of Surrealist European emigres living in Mexico City。 Close friends with Luis Bunuel， Benjamin Peret， Octavio Paz and a host of both expatriate Surrealists and Mexican modernists， Carrington was at the centre of Mexican cultural life， while still maintaining her European connections。
Leonora Carrington: Surrealism， Alchemy and Art provides a fascinating overview of this intriguing artist's rich body of work。 The author considers Carrington's preoccupation with alchemy and the occult， and explores the influence of indigenous Mexican culture and beliefs on her production。
Carrington burst onto the Surrealist scene in 1936， when， as a precocious nineteen-year-old debutante， she escaped the stultifying demands of her wealthy English family by running away to Paris with her lover Max Ernst。 She was immediately championed by Andre Breton， who responded enthusiastically to her fantastical， dark and satirical writing style and her interest in fairy tales and the occult。 Her stories were included in Surrealist publications， and her paintings in the Surrealists' exhibitions。
After the dramas and tragic separations of the Second World War， Carrington ended up in the 1940s as part of the circle of Surrealist European emigres living in Mexico City。 Close friends with Luis Bunuel， Benjamin Peret， Octavio Paz and a host of both expatriate Surrealists and Mexican modernists， Carrington was at the centre of Mexican cultural life， while still maintaining her European connections。
Leonora Carrington: Surrealism， Alchemy and Art provides a fascinating overview of this intriguing artist's rich body of work。 The author considers Carrington's preoccupation with alchemy and the occult， and explores the influence of indigenous Mexican culture and beliefs on her production。
Reviews
Janice Gobey
，
Very interesting book on an artist who has received little attention。 Really enjoyed digesting her paintings and reading more about her life。
Matt Miles
，
There’s a wow moment in this book when the art becomes what anyone remotely aware of Carrington and her art is used to seeing， but even what comes before it captures a unique eye in the process of learning to see。 Excellent work。
Janice
，
Having recently read Leonora in the Morning Light， I was on a quest to learn more about this remarkable woman。 This book was a great resource for that effort， giving detailed information about Ms。 Carrington's life in England， France， Spain， Portugal， the U。S。 and most of all， Mexico。 Leonora was born in 1917， and was just coming of age at the beginning of WWII。 Having met Max Ernst in England， her home country， she fled from her domineering father to Paris， where she lived for a number of years Having recently read Leonora in the Morning Light， I was on a quest to learn more about this remarkable woman。 This book was a great resource for that effort， giving detailed information about Ms。 Carrington's life in England， France， Spain， Portugal， the U。S。 and most of all， Mexico。 Leonora was born in 1917， and was just coming of age at the beginning of WWII。 Having met Max Ernst in England， her home country， she fled from her domineering father to Paris， where she lived for a number of years with Ernst。 During the war， when Ernst was imprisoned by the invading Germans， Leonora escaped with friends to Spain， where she suffered an emotional breakdown and was subsequently hospitalized in a mental health hospital for several months。 After living in Lisbon for a short time， Leonora boarded a ship for the U。S。， and then moved to Mexico City， where she lived the rest of her long life。 This book was written in 2004， and Ms。 Carrington lived until the age of 94， dying in 2011， so only those last few years of her life are not covered in this volume。 Ms。 Carrington was often classified as a surrealist in her art， but her work goes beyond classic surrealism。 Looking at the many picture of her paintings， her sculpture， and other mediums as well， there is often a fanciful playfulness， and also a folklore quality， to her creations。 One of my favorite things about this book was the opportunity to see so much of Carrington's artwork。 Many of her creatures look mostly human， but have some unreal physical aspect added。 Or there are human people interacting with very unreal characters。 Also fascinating to me was all the multiple interests Leonora Carrington pursued throughout her life。 She studied alchemy， healing traditions， mystical practices， religion， and Mayan culture。 She became a strong feminist， as well as an author， and much of her work depicts women， especially women cooking。 Her work was also strongly influenced by Mexican cultural history， and by the ancient Celtic beliefs that she learned from her Grandmother。 This book is a treasure for anyone who would like to know more about Leonora Carrington's life， or just wants to see many examples of her art。 。。。more
Kitty
，
An excellent monograph on the surrealist painter Leonora Carrington， beautifully illustrated with images of many of her paintings as well as photographs of Leonora， her family and her homes。 The text combines biography with detailed critical analysis of the paintings， which is very illuminating - especially as her iconography is often hard to decipher。 The images can be enjoyed for their precise technique， strange and otherworldly details， and decorative unity， but a knowledge of the artist's li An excellent monograph on the surrealist painter Leonora Carrington， beautifully illustrated with images of many of her paintings as well as photographs of Leonora， her family and her homes。 The text combines biography with detailed critical analysis of the paintings， which is very illuminating - especially as her iconography is often hard to decipher。 The images can be enjoyed for their precise technique， strange and otherworldly details， and decorative unity， but a knowledge of the artist's life experiences and esoteric interests （notably alchemy and mythology） are invaluable to a better understanding and deeper appreciation of these powerful works。 。。。more
Kathleen Dixon
，
Occasionally I am tempted to cull my to-read list， but then one that's been on it for forever makes it to my currently-reading list and I'm most pleased。 So， nearly 10 years on I have now read this book， and I found it fascinating。 Not only did I learn about this very interesting artist， but many of her artworks are shown and discussed。 Mind you， the artist herself had no patience for all the analysis done about her and her art。 Still， I have no solid grounding in all the mythologies and folklor Occasionally I am tempted to cull my to-read list， but then one that's been on it for forever makes it to my currently-reading list and I'm most pleased。 So， nearly 10 years on I have now read this book， and I found it fascinating。 Not only did I learn about this very interesting artist， but many of her artworks are shown and discussed。 Mind you， the artist herself had no patience for all the analysis done about her and her art。 Still， I have no solid grounding in all the mythologies and folklore she referenced， and thus found it useful to have such connections written out for me to read。 。。。more
Chris Browning
，
Two of my current projects deal with houses， in a way， and particularly with houses as unsafe and mysterious places， riddled with mysteries and strange happenings behind locked doors。 In essence， I’m trying to replicate something of the experience of seeing Carrington’s images in prose without leaning too heavily on her own writing: and the illustrated project tries to capture something of her magic without copying it。 Which， I assure you， is really sodding hard especially when you’re being insp Two of my current projects deal with houses， in a way， and particularly with houses as unsafe and mysterious places， riddled with mysteries and strange happenings behind locked doors。 In essence， I’m trying to replicate something of the experience of seeing Carrington’s images in prose without leaning too heavily on her own writing: and the illustrated project tries to capture something of her magic without copying it。 Which， I assure you， is really sodding hard especially when you’re being inspired by almost literally the best Ardath’s writing occasionally falls into overheated academic nonsense， but it becomes more and more apparent as you read on that this is because Carrington’s art is hard to explain or do justice to in simple terms。 Ardath is incredibly astute and has some really fascinating insights into images I know very well and it feels like the best kind of art criticism - knowledgeable， witty， thoughtful， intelligent and very enthusiastic。 Although Carrington’s art can seem forbiddingly obtuse and tricky to connect with at first， Ardath manages to locate a universality in it for everyone to see how extraordinary this artist and writer really was。 A glorious book 。。。more
Yalí
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Este libro es una belleza。 Además de una breve biografía de Leonora Carrington， trata su obra con mucho amor y sabiduría。 Es una puerta para entender el mundo místico y mágico de esta importante pintora mexico-británica。
Jolanta （knygupe）
，
Fantastiskoji Carrington。 Jauciasi didziule Hieronymus Bosch ir vyresniojo Pieter Bruegel （mano vienu is mylimiausiu dailininku） itaka。 "The Temptation of St Anthony" 1947 Fantastiskoji Carrington。 Jauciasi didziule Hieronymus Bosch ir vyresniojo Pieter Bruegel （mano vienu is mylimiausiu dailininku） itaka。 "The Temptation of St Anthony" 1947 。。。more
Lithezebra
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I bought this book for the art， of course， but the biography was riveting too。 I would love to read a more detailed account of Carrinton’s life in Mexico。
Kevin
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An amazing artist and an amazing life。
Cynda
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I see I have begun a journey。I still have much much to learn before feeling comfortable with Carrington's art。 While I know that the point of surrealism to encourage discomfort as as the audience reaches for new understanding， I am so clueless that I felt as though to I were grasping at understanding reather than for understanding。 What I found most particularly helpful to understanding the artwork:1。 Reading Carrington's short stories that seem to companion/expand some paintings。 The stories in I see I have begun a journey。I still have much much to learn before feeling comfortable with Carrington's art。 While I know that the point of surrealism to encourage discomfort as as the audience reaches for new understanding， I am so clueless that I felt as though to I were grasping at understanding reather than for understanding。 What I found most particularly helpful to understanding the artwork:1。 Reading Carrington's short stories that seem to companion/expand some paintings。 The stories inform the paintings。 If I want to continue to gain an understanding of Carrington's work， I will have to eventually buy more of her short stories。2。 Familiarizing myself with more imagery would help。 I could start by reading books like Myths and Legends of Ireland （various writers have compiled books with this title）。 Books by this title are more popular， accessible， and serviceable。 If I ever wanted to delve more into Carrington's work， I could read a book that influenced Carrington: The White Goddess: A Historical Grammar of Poetic Myth。What will happen now that I have read this book？ I will have a deeper understanding of Carrington's short stories， have a stronger desire to learn a smattering of Celtic/Irish folklore， myths， and legends， and to reurn to Frieda Kahlo with perhaps a deeper understanding。 。。。more
Sandra
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It is a good book， I likehttps://i。pinimg。com/originals/58/10/。。。image: It is a good book， I likehttps://i。pinimg。com/originals/58/10/。。。image: 。。。more
Tara
，
This charming book on Surrealist artist and writer Leonora Carrington contained quite a bit of fascinating material: a biography， some （rather haphazard） analysis of her work， a fairly detailed look at her various influences， and， most importantly， reproductions of many of her brilliant paintings and other works of art。 The biographical material was informative and yet still fairly succinct， and included details about her childhood， schooling， relationship with Max Ernst， time spent in a Spanish This charming book on Surrealist artist and writer Leonora Carrington contained quite a bit of fascinating material: a biography， some （rather haphazard） analysis of her work， a fairly detailed look at her various influences， and， most importantly， reproductions of many of her brilliant paintings and other works of art。 The biographical material was informative and yet still fairly succinct， and included details about her childhood， schooling， relationship with Max Ernst， time spent in a Spanish mental hospital during WWII， and years as an émigré in Mexico。 The （thankfully） limited analysis of some of her art was， frankly， the only thing I could have done without， as I agree with her own declaration that her “work should speak for itself。” But then again， I don’t know much about art， so I’m not really the target audience for such content anyway。 In any case， what really impressed me was the wealth of high quality reproductions of her strange， arresting， unforgettable paintings。 The prints were rich， vivid， and gorgeous， the subject matter often delightfully uncanny and intriguingly bizarre。 I’ve included a few of my favorites below:Self Portrait in Orthopedic Black Tie:The Bath of Rabbi Lowe:Syssigy:The Ancestor: 。。。more
Meg E。
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One of my favorite painters and people for her feminist reimaginings of intersecting belief systems and folklore。 Highly recommend。
Pineapple
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Leonora Carrington is one of my favourite artists。 Her short stories are also fantastic。 The imagination is survival！！
Terri
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“People under seventy and over seven are very unreliable if they are not cats。”Leonora Carrington had a strange but extraordinary life。 The late English surrealist painter and sculptor is regarded as a national treasure in Mexico and she lived in her own fantastic universe。 She was also a writer who wrote witty and magical books。 Lenora was one of the last surviving participants in the Surrealist movement in the 1930's。 Her fantasy paintings are filled with half-animal， half-human creatures with “People under seventy and over seven are very unreliable if they are not cats。”Leonora Carrington had a strange but extraordinary life。 The late English surrealist painter and sculptor is regarded as a national treasure in Mexico and she lived in her own fantastic universe。 She was also a writer who wrote witty and magical books。 Lenora was one of the last surviving participants in the Surrealist movement in the 1930's。 Her fantasy paintings are filled with half-animal， half-human creatures with benign soft faces。 The wonderful photographs and illustrations of the book “Leonora Carrington: Surrealism， Alchemy and Art” written by Susan Alberth are of very good quality。 While her paintings in the book incorporated elements of Mexican culture –a Day of the Dead altar， she also painted her childhood。 Leonara had an interest in animals， myth， and symbolism and her interest grew stronger after she moved to Mexico and started a relationship with the émigré Spanish artist Remedios Varo。 She studied alchemy， the kabbalah and the Mayan writings。 She always felt that Mexico was haunted with spirits。 It was marvelous at times and horrifying at times。 Ancient Mexican civilizations and the Celtic culture that she learned about from her mother started to blend in her mind。 Mexico became a refuge for her。“Do you think anyone escapes their childhood？ I don't think we do” wrote Leonora Carrington。 She was brought up in England， the only daughter of a wealthy mill owner and his Irish wife。 She was a solitary， unhappy child who would rather draw than do her school work and she never felt she fit in with her family。 Her father was a dominating man who was a self-made industrialist and he had high expectations for his daughter。When she was kicked out of two private Catholic schools， her Victorian parents did not know what to do with her， but Leonora wanted to be a artist and study in London。 After a disastrous Debutante Ball， that her father forced her to attend， she finally moved to London where she studied art and met Surrealist artist Max Ernst。 He was married and twice her age but she was smitten with him。 Leonora told her father that she was going to leave England and move to Paris to paint and live with Ernst。 Her father blew up and told her if she left that she would be never welcomed in his home again。 Leonora did go to Paris and she never spoke or saw her father again。Once in Paris， Leonora thrived and met some of the great surrealist artists of the day。 She refused to be anyone's muse and she started to paint。 She and Max Ernst left Paris for the south of France countryside and there she painted her famous self-portrait in 1937。 Later she told her family that it was the happiest time of her life。 Then World War ll came and Ernst was arrested， first by the French for being German， then later by the Gestapo for his degenerate art。 Leonora fell apart and her worried father sent her Irish nanny by submarine to get her out of France。 They both escaped to Spain just days ahead of the Nazis and once there， her father decided to put Leonora in the mental hospital against her will。This was the darkest period of her life and she never recovered or forgave her father。They gave her forced treatments including drug-induced epileptic shocks。 Once she got out， she refused to go back to England and instead married a Mexican diplomat who took her to Mexico City。 She would spend most of her adult life in Mexico despite the fact that her marriage didn't work out。 She later married Emerico Weisz （nickname "Chiki"）， born in Hungary 1911， a photographer and the darkroom manager for Robert Capra during the Spanish Civil war。 They had two sons together。A few of her paintings do reflect a deep sadness and suffering from her time in a mental institution。 Her sons said that she inhabited her paintings and they became an extension of her life。 Some of my favorite Carrington paintings that were discussed in the book: “The Dawn Horse。” Self Portrait。 1937/1938; “The Love that Moves the Sun and Other Stars” 1947; “Darvault” 1950 and “The Giantess” 1950。 Five Stars。 This book is perfect for art lovers of surrealism。 。。。more
Amara
，
I'm dying to read this。 Own this。 Browse it at my leisure。 But I need to add a shelf entitled "Books I cannot afford。" $227 on Amazon。 Shoot me now。 I'm dying to read this。 Own this。 Browse it at my leisure。 But I need to add a shelf entitled "Books I cannot afford。" $227 on Amazon。 Shoot me now。 。。。more
Sara
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Very nicely narrated。 Great spreads of art and photos。
Callum McLaughlin
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As someone who loves Carrington's artwork and wanted to know more about her as a person， this book was ideal。 Alongside high-quality images of many of her pieces， there's a great amount of text detailing Carrington's fascinating life。 Getting this extra context whilst marvelling at her work was exactly what I wanted。 I'm now all the more excited to try some of her writing， and to continue to explore her art。I would say， the book tells us itself that Carrington was notoriously private， giving few As someone who loves Carrington's artwork and wanted to know more about her as a person， this book was ideal。 Alongside high-quality images of many of her pieces， there's a great amount of text detailing Carrington's fascinating life。 Getting this extra context whilst marvelling at her work was exactly what I wanted。 I'm now all the more excited to try some of her writing， and to continue to explore her art。I would say， the book tells us itself that Carrington was notoriously private， giving few details about her personal life and never wanting to reveal what her art was 'about'， so as to preserve an element of mystique and the ability for viewers to form their own meaning （which I really admire）。 This means that the book does contain a fair amount of conjecture， particularly where the motivation or meaning behind specifically discussed pieces of her work are concerned。 In that respect， it's not so much a dot-to-dot style biography and catalogue of work， and more an analysis and discussion， complete therefore with a small but nonetheless present personal touch （the author wrote her dissertation on Carrington， so she's clearly a fan）。 This isn't necessarily a bad thing （it means there are some interesting opinions and points of thought put forth that add another layer of depth）， I just think it's worth knowing where non-fiction is concerned， in case a complete lack of bias is important to you。 。。。more
Story
，
Excellent overview of Carrington's work and life。 Excellent overview of Carrington's work and life。 。。。more
Crippled_ships
，
It goes without saying that this book deserves 5 stars already for the pictures alone。。。 When it comes to the writing in it， I found it both informative and charming。 However， it did not live up to its subtitle （I am thinking of the "Alchemy" part）; even though the author mentions Carrington's preoccupation with this theme quite often， the insights brought to light in this department were few。 I think Aberth should either have focused solely on the art context， or （to justify the title） have col It goes without saying that this book deserves 5 stars already for the pictures alone。。。 When it comes to the writing in it， I found it both informative and charming。 However， it did not live up to its subtitle （I am thinking of the "Alchemy" part）; even though the author mentions Carrington's preoccupation with this theme quite often， the insights brought to light in this department were few。 I think Aberth should either have focused solely on the art context， or （to justify the title） have collaborated with someone a bit more well versed in esoteric matters。 That being said， I thoroughly enjoyed the book， and through following up on some of the other people and books mentioned therein， I made many new and pleasant discoveries。 Time well spent， even if I had hoped to learn more about Carrington's alchemical research。 。。。more
？0？0？0
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Perfection。
Anima
，
“I didn’t have time to be anyone’s muse… I was too busy rebelling against my family and learning to be an artist。” – Leonora CarringtonA book for those who love art and all those who want to learn about the art of imprinting poetry on canvases。Carrington was born on April 6， 1917 in Lancashire， and lived in Mexico City since the early 1940s。 She is known as a surrealist artist （surrealism- dreamlike art marked by intense symbolism） whose art has been influenced by medieval alchemy， Celtic litera “I didn’t have time to be anyone’s muse… I was too busy rebelling against my family and learning to be an artist。” – Leonora CarringtonA book for those who love art and all those who want to learn about the art of imprinting poetry on canvases。Carrington was born on April 6， 1917 in Lancashire， and lived in Mexico City since the early 1940s。 She is known as a surrealist artist （surrealism- dreamlike art marked by intense symbolism） whose art has been influenced by medieval alchemy， Celtic literature， Jungian psychology， Dante’s literary work， myths， Central American folk art， and Renaissance paintings。In 1937 in France， she met Max Ernst， a German painter， who was 26 years her senior。 Ernst left his wife and lived with her in the South of France， where he encouraged her to paint and write。 Carrington painted Ernst’s portrait in 1940 using two major symbols- bird feathers and a white stallion， to express his rebellious nature:The Giantess， one of her most famous paintings， is an impressive representation of the idea that strength and power （ the gigantic crowned woman surrounded by a circular symbol ） are born， as anything else， from a tiny ‘womb’ （the egg） of all the things yet to exist （ influences from Jungian psychology）。 。。。more
Karen
，
I can’t remember where I first saw a Leonora Carrington painting， but I know it was about ten or so years ago。 It must have been a picture on the internet， or maybe in a book。 I was captivated by her ethereal， quirky imagery and felt an immediate connection。 I'd been lusting after this book for ages， but for some reason never got round to buying it。 I was delighted， then， to get a copy for my birthday last year。I’ve spent the last few weeks reading it in the evenings， luxuriating in the coloured I can’t remember where I first saw a Leonora Carrington painting， but I know it was about ten or so years ago。 It must have been a picture on the internet， or maybe in a book。 I was captivated by her ethereal， quirky imagery and felt an immediate connection。 I'd been lusting after this book for ages， but for some reason never got round to buying it。 I was delighted， then， to get a copy for my birthday last year。I’ve spent the last few weeks reading it in the evenings， luxuriating in the coloured prints。 Aberth’s text， while not particularly sparkling， gives a fascinating insight into Carrington and her eventful， often tempestuous life， most of which I knew nothing about。 Aberth also gives close readings of some of the paintings， revealing the symbolism and associations present in even the smallest details， and how these intimately relate to Carrington’s own life and her ongoing themes of rebellion and feminism。I felt privileged to gain this richer impression of Carrington。 I’ve always thought of her as an influence that is kind of embedded in me， along with Tori Amos and Margaret Atwood， I suppose because I found them all at the right age。 Three wise women。 。。。more
Bryan
，
A nicely written biography of Carrington with a nice sampling of her work with extensive analyses of selected works。 If you like surrealism， then this a great read。
Han Adcock
，
I've just realised I love Surrealist art。 I've just realised I love Surrealist art。 。。。more
Wolf
，
loved the painter。 anything i can find on her i read。 some of the information on alchemy was quite intriguing。
Bibliophile
，
I'm not particularly interested in surrealism， but I love Leonora Carrington's paintings。 This is a nice catalogue of her works with some biographical facts and a bit of analysis on her art。 Colorful life: a staunch feminist， she rejected her British stiff-upper-lip roots， took off to Paris and painted her ass off while banging Max Ernst。 After the war there was a stint in a mental institution， before she ended up in Mexico。 The book doesn't go deep， but I did enjoy these fun facts about her: he I'm not particularly interested in surrealism， but I love Leonora Carrington's paintings。 This is a nice catalogue of her works with some biographical facts and a bit of analysis on her art。 Colorful life: a staunch feminist， she rejected her British stiff-upper-lip roots， took off to Paris and painted her ass off while banging Max Ernst。 After the war there was a stint in a mental institution， before she ended up in Mexico。 The book doesn't go deep， but I did enjoy these fun facts about her: her idea of a practical joke was cutting off her over-night guests' hair in their sleep and putting it into their breakfast omelets。 Fun！ She liked cooking elaborate food， such as hare stuffed with oysters。 Awesome！ Here's her mesmerizing self-portrait: 。。。more
Bionic Jean
，
This is always happening to me。 I become interested in an artist's work， for one reason or another。 Maybe because I've seen an exhibition， or I've watched a TV documentary， or it's just my general reading。 I get a book out of the library about them。 I fall in love with the reproductions of the paintings - and can't bear to think of returning the book。 I sigh， and order a copy of the book from Amazon。 Leonora Carrington: Surrealism， Alchemy and Art is a prime example。 Leonora Carrington was an im This is always happening to me。 I become interested in an artist's work， for one reason or another。 Maybe because I've seen an exhibition， or I've watched a TV documentary， or it's just my general reading。 I get a book out of the library about them。 I fall in love with the reproductions of the paintings - and can't bear to think of returning the book。 I sigh， and order a copy of the book from Amazon。 Leonora Carrington: Surrealism， Alchemy and Art is a prime example。 Leonora Carrington was an important painter of the Surrealist Art movement of the 1930's， but has never been as widely acknowledged as André Breton， Max Ernst， Giorgio de Chirico， René Magritte， Marcel Duchamp or Salvador Dali。 The book covers both the artist's life， and also provides an overview of her work， with many colour plates of her paintings and some photographs。 This is an attractive oversized Art book， a good one for any completist's collection。 It was published in 2004， and Leonora Carrington died a few years later in 2011， having spent most of her life in Mexico。 Until recently the artist was far better known in that country than in England， the country of her birth。 The book explores the influence of the indigenous Mexican culture and beliefs on her work， as well as considering her preoccupation with alchemy and the occult。 It starts by describing her childhood in detail。 Leonora Carrington came from a wealthy mill-owning family， and was a notoriously difficult child。 She had been expelled from several schools because of her intractable behaviour， and， as with many supremely creative and talented intellectuals， was thought to be "mentally deficient" because she was not interested in learning anything the schools wanted to teach her。 The nuns reported that there was something wrong with her because she could write with either hand， or both at the same time， and preferred to write with her left， backwards。 （All her life， she continued to paint with both hands， sometimes at the same time。） She was fascinated with the miraculous， and with levitating。 This was obviously unacceptable to the nuns。Much of her childhood was therefore spent in her family's imposing stately home， Crookhey Hall， and this cavernous edifice features in her paintings time after time。 It later came to represent various psychological states to her; that of a prison， that of parental authority， but perhaps it mostly became a symbol for her troubled， rebellious youth。 Many early influences from home fed greatly into her later work。 Her father used to read Gothic stories， such as W。W。 Jacobs' "The Monkey's Paw" to her， and her mother had - perhaps fanciful - tales to tell of being descended from both Irish and Austrian royalty。 The young Leonora was surrounded by tales of ghosts and fairies， later reporting that she saw "visions"。 She was drawn to both Catholic mysticism， and pagan influences from the area where she lived - an area which had long been associated with witchcraft。 Left to herself for much of the time， except when taught by governesses， Leonora was able to dwell on these thoughts。 She favoured neither drawing nor writing stories at this time， following both with equal enthusiasm。 She seems to have been obsessed with horses， scribbling drawings of them on every available surface。 Knowing these and many other details about her early childhood， which this book goes into， means that one may come to her paintings with fresh insight。By 1927 Leonora Carrington had decided that she wanted to study Art， and although her family opposed this， suggesting that instead she breed fox terriers， she was adamant。 For a long time they tried to make their daughter fit the mould they had in mind for her， and she was sent to Florence， in her own words， "to a school for aristocratic children that only taught useless activities like how to behave socially， horseback riding and fencing。"From 1934-36 she duly became a debutante and was presented at Court。 Carrington maintains that she had no interest whatsoever in being entered into the marriage market， or as she put it "sold to the highest bidder"， and took a copy of Aldous Huxley's new book， "Eyeless in Gaza" to read instead of fraternising with her potential beaux。 But her time in Italy， rather than the school she attended， did feed into her work later。 It is possible to see the influences of Uccello， Arcimboldo and Pisanello in her paintings， and her composition， choice of palette and style owes a lot to the Italian masters。 From 1935 she attended the Chelsea school of Art， in London， with little financial help from her parents。 However， this marks the point at which her artistic style began to emerge。 Following advice from a friend of her father's， Serge Chermayeff， she enrolled as the first student in the Ozenfant Academy， a new venture by the two French painters and architects， Ozenfant and Le Corbusier。 Ozenfant and Le Corbusier founded the Purism movement， an offshoot of Cubism。 Purism intended to rid Cubism of any decorative or fantasy elements， concentrating on pure forms and clean lines， "subdued colour， sharp outlines， underlying grid structure and mechanical still-life subjects。" Their strict teaching regime entailed Carrington spending six months drawing an apple in its various stages of disintegration， "the same apple which had become a kind of mummy"。 This instilled in her both a respect for the chemistry of everything used， and the discipline of work， countering her earlier penchant for dreaming and fantasising。 She first became interested in Surrealism as an Art movement around the same time as becoming a reluctant debutante。 She saw Max Ernst's paintings along with those of André Breton and Paul Élouard， tribal art and "Art of the Insane"， at "The First National Surrealist Exhibition" of 1936。 She also read， and was profoundly influenced by， Herbert Read's new book， "Surrealism"。 A 20 year old Art student， Leonora not only fell in love with the paintings of Max Ernst， but when she happened to meet him at a party in London， in 1937， she fell in love with the man himself。 At 46， his marriage was failing， as his wife became more fanatical about Catholicism， and more disapproving of his explorations into Surrealism。 Leonora was increasingly disillusioned with what she saw as the stodgy Art world of London。 Paris， and Max Ernst， called to her。 She made the break and followed him there。 This was the final straw for her parents。 Her father promptly disowned her with the dramatic words， "My door will never be darkened by your shadow。"However， this was not merely a wild act of love on her part， but a calculated move。 Leonora Carrington had made a deliberate decision to remove herself from any influence her parents - or English society - could have over her in the future。 It was a clear statement of her own autonomy， both in intentions， and in artistic freedom。 On her arrival in Paris， she was welcomed by the Surrealists， although she made it plain that she too was a working artist and nobody's "muse"。 André Breton responded with enthusiasm to her fantastical dark and satirical writing style and her interest in fairies and the occult。 Her stories were included in Surrealist publications and her paintings in their exhibitions。 Of this period， Carrington has said，"I didn't have time to be anyone's muse 。。。 I was too busy rebelling against my family and learning to be an artist。" It certainly appears that her distinctive style began to form at that time。 Her "Self-portrait （Inn of the Dawn Horse）" from 1937-8 marks a radical departure from all her earlier works。 There are a host of symbols to be found in the painting， many of which recur over and over again in later works， and stylistically it has much in common with the other Surrealists with whom she was associating。 The paintings we recognise easily as being by Leonora Carrington are typical of this Surrealist style， with figurative elements， which are often symbolic， set within great expanses of space， thus focussing and directing the eye towards them。In France Leonora Carrington and Max Ernst supported each other's artistic development。 They socialised with other Surrealist artists and writers and collaborated on various projects， including a series of animal sculptures。 The two created sculptures of guardian animals， such as Ernst's birds and Carrington's plaster horse's head。 Carrington's art often depicts horses， as in her paintings "Self-Portrait （Inn of the Dawn Horse）" and "The Horses of Lord Candlestick"。 This fascination with both drawing and writing about horses began， as we saw， in her childhood。 Carrington additionally often used codes of words to dictate interpretation in her artwork。 "Candlestick" is a code that she commonly used to represent her family， and the word "Lord" for her father。 In 1939， Carrington painted her now-famous portrait of Max Ernst。 However World War II was looming。Max Ernst's position in France became increasingly precarious， and eventually he was arrested by the French authorities for being a "hostile alien"。 With help from influential friends， he was set free a few weeks later。 However， his work was then considered to be "degenerate" by the Nazis， and on the outbreak of World War II he was arrested again， this time by the Gestapo。 He managed to escape to the United States， leaving Leonora behind， and marrying Peggy Guggenheim， who was a sponsor of the arts。Leonora Carrington was devastated and fled to Spain。 She developed severe mental problems， becoming delusional and increasingly anxious until she eventually had a mental breakdown and was arrested by the police at the British Embassy in Madrid。 （She had apparently "threatened to murder Hitler and called for the metaphysical liberation of mankind。"） Her parents insisted on her being hospitalised， and she was treated with convulsive therapy， an anxiogenic drug （which has since been banned） and barbiturates， whilst they made arrangements for her to be admitted to an institution in South Africa。 Her creative output never stopped during this unimaginably difficult period。 She wrote short stories， and depicted her psychotic experiences in drawings and paintings。 Eventually， she managed to escape the asylum's treatments， with the help of a nurse， who took her to Lisbon。 From there she appealed to the Mexican Embassy for refuge。 From now on she was to adopt Mexico as her home。Max Ernst's marriage to Peggy Guggenheim had ended a few years later， but he and Leonora Carrington were unable to resume their relationship after all the dramas and separations during World War II。 Leonora Carrington began to write more about her psychotic episode， and with encouragement from André Breton she published a novel entitled， "Down Below"。 She also gave expression to her experiences in the drawings "Portrait of Dr。 Morales" and "Map of Down Below"。Leonora Carrington remained part of the circle of Surrealist European émigrés living in Mexico City。 She was close friends with Luis Buñuel， Benjamin Péret， Octavio Paz， and many other expatriate Surrealists and Mexican modernists。 She remarried and had two sons。 Her life became less tumultuous， and her creativity expanded to include plays， sculptures and textiles。 In 1957 she started to invent her own productions， such as "Penelope"， for which she designed sets and costumes， as well as performing as an actress。 She continued to live and work in Mexico after spending part of the 1960s in New York。 In 1963 she was asked to create a mural which she named "El Mundo Magico de los Mayas" （The Magical World of the Mayas） for the opening of the new "Museo Nacional de Antropología" in Mexico City the following year。 A 4。5 metre long mural， it was influenced by folk stories from the area， and is now thought of as a monument to her relationship with the country which she had adopted as her home。 It is normally located in the museum for which it was painted， （although at the time of writing it is in an exhibition in England）。 For the rest of her life， Leonora Carrington was at the centre of Mexican cultural life， whilst still maintaining her European connections。Leonora Carrington's first Surrealist essay from 1935， an odd work entitled "Jezzamathatics or Introduction to the Wonderful Process of Painting"， is included at the end of the book， before the bibliography and index。As a tribute to her work， the Surrealist film-maker Luis Buñuel once said that Leonora Carrington's art， "liberates us from the miserable reality of our days"。Leonora Carrington was a remarkable and prolific artist， who deserves to be better appreciated。 This beautiful book includes a lot of helpful analysis， which serves as a guide to interpreting her cryptic works， which have often been informed by her life experiences and beliefs。"I warn you - I refuse to be an object！"Link here to images of Leonora Carrington's work。 。。。more
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